Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.4K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.4K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

38.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
38.5K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.4K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
3.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.8K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.9K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thiaheptapyrrin and Thiatetrapyrrin Armed p-Phenylene-Bridged Norrole as NIR-II Dyes: Photothermal Behavior Effectively Enhanced by Protonation and Deprotonation.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

Identification of TXNIP, FTCD, and HAGH as Key Genes in a Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets·2026
Same author

Interaction of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity PIM‑1 with Explosive Analytes at the Molecular Level: Combined Experiment and Computational Modeling.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026
Same author

Structure of Fluoride Anion Aqueous Solution Derived from X-ray Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Synergistic Dual-Passivation via Indium Doping and Zwitterionic Ligands for Efficient Pure-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Effective recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries via radiolytic radical reactions.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Amorphous High-Entropy Oxides With High-Valent Metal and Oxygen-Vacancy Pairs for Thermally Stable Catalytic Oxidation.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

H<sub>2</sub>S Self-Supplied Micelles Reverse Tumor-Immune Effector Cells Energy Metabolisms to Boost Breast Cancer Immunotherapy With Microenvironment Normalization.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Feed-Draw Printing Enables Monolithically Integrated Flexible Sensors With High Interfacial Toughness and Wide Linear Range.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Space-Time Coding Conformal Metasurfaces for Multifrequency Beam Steering and Shaping.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

3D Printing of Magnetic Soft Materials for Functional Structures and Devices.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Photothermal-Activable Artificial Macrophage With Amplified Systemic Antibacterial Responses to Combat Primary and Secondary Infection.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
10:18

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

12.0K

Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges.

Ye Zhang1,2, Chunyang Ma1, Jianlei Xie1

  • 1Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials offer unique properties but degrade easily. Encapsulating BP in polymers enhances stability and performance, opening new applications in electronics and medicine.

Keywords:
applicationsblack phosphoruschallengespolymers

More Related Videos

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
14:07

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

13.9K
Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
10:18

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

12.0K
Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
14:07

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

13.9K
Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Black phosphorus (BP) is a novel 2D nanomaterial with exceptional electronic and optical properties.
  • Its inherent surface instability due to chemical degradation limits practical applications.
  • BP exhibits a layer-dependent tunable band gap, high carrier mobility, and anisotropic characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the preparation methods and properties of black phosphorus/polymer (BP/polymer) composites.
  • To explore the diverse applications of BP/polymers in various fields.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions for BP/polymer research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of BP/polymer synthesis strategies.
  • Analysis of the enhanced properties of BP/polymers compared to pristine BP.
  • Compilation of reported applications in optoelectronics, biomedicine, and energy storage.

Main Results:

  • BP/polymer composites demonstrate significantly improved stability against degradation.
  • These composites retain or enhance the desirable optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of BP.
  • Successful applications have been demonstrated in advanced optoelectronic devices, biomedical applications, and energy storage systems.

Conclusions:

  • The BP/polymer strategy effectively addresses the stability issues of black phosphorus.
  • BP/polymers represent a promising class of materials with broad application potential.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges and fully realize the potential of BP/polymers.