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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The naked endosperm1 (nkd1), naked endosperm2 (nkd2), and thick aleurone1 (thk1) genes are key regulators of maize endosperm development.
  • Mutations in these genes lead to abnormal aleurone (AL) cell layer formation and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively analyze the transcriptomes of nkd1,2 and thk1 mutants.
  • To elucidate how these genes regulate gene networks controlling AL layer specification and cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of nkd1,2 and thk1 mutant maize endosperm.
  • Weighted gene coexpression network analysis integrated with laser capture microdissected transcriptome data.
  • Identification and analysis of differentially expressed genes and auxin response factor (ARF) targets.

Main Results:

  • Both Nkd1,2 and Thk1 regulate cell cycle and division in AL development.
  • Nkd1,2, but not Thk1, regulates auxin signaling pathways.
  • 61 AL-preferential genes, potentially regulated by NKD-modulated ARFs, were identified and linked to hormone crosstalk, lipid metabolism, and growth.
  • Auxin signaling reporter expression was elevated in nkd1,2 mutants, confirming negative regulation by Nkd1,2.

Conclusions:

  • Nkd1,2 and Thk1 restrict AL development to a single layer by limiting cell division.
  • Nkd1,2 negatively regulates auxin signaling in AL, maintaining normal cell patterning and differentiation.