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Analog hardware trojan design and detection in OFDM based wireless cryptographic ICs.

Liakot Ali1, Farshad1

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Institute of Information and Communication Technology (IICT), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Summary

Hardware Trojans (HTs) pose a threat to semiconductor supply chains, especially in analog/RF circuits. This study introduces a novel detection method for HTs in OFDM systems, safeguarding wireless cryptographic IC security.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Engineering
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Hardware Trojans (HTs) compromise the trustworthiness of Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chains, particularly in the semiconductor industry.
  • Existing HT detection methods primarily focus on digital circuits, leaving Analog Mixed Signal (AMS)/RF circuits vulnerable.
  • Analog/RF circuits, especially those in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless cryptographic ICs, are increasingly targeted by attackers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the unexplored threat of Hardware Trojans in Analog Mixed Signal (AMS)/RF circuits within modern communication systems.
  • To develop a Hardware Trojan (HT) threat model exploiting the extended cyclic prefix (ECP) property of OFDM to leak secret encryption keys.
  • To create a detection mechanism for identifying such HTs in OFDM-based systems.

Main Methods:

  • A trigger-based Hardware Trojan (HT) threat model was developed, leveraging the extended cyclic prefix (ECP) feature of OFDM.
  • The threat model was designed to exploit the ECP to leak secret encryption keys over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
  • A Cyclic Prefix (CP) checker-based detection mechanism, named "SENTRY", was engineered to identify triggered HTs.

Main Results:

  • The proposed threat model successfully demonstrates the potential for Hardware Trojans (HTs) to leak secret encryption keys in OFDM systems.
  • The SENTRY detection mechanism effectively identifies HTs once they are triggered by exploiting the Cyclic Prefix (CP) property.
  • The detection mechanism operates effectively even under low noise Additive White Gaussian Channel (AWGN) conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Hardware Trojans (HTs) represent a significant and growing threat to the security of wireless cryptographic ICs utilizing OFDM.
  • The developed SENTRY system provides a viable solution for detecting Hardware Trojans (HTs) in OFDM-based communication systems.
  • Proactive detection mechanisms are crucial for maintaining the integrity and security of the semiconductor supply chain against sophisticated Hardware Trojan (HT) attacks.