Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

43.4K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
43.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of a Remote Monitoring Blood Pressure Device in a General Population Cohort.

American journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated preterm infants possess cytopathic tau variants: a prospective exploratory study.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental Pediatric Follow-Up After the Azithromycin Prevention in Labor Use Study.

Obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same author

How Should Pregnancy-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Abortion-Restricted States Be Documented, Collected, and Reported After <i>Dobbs</i>?

The Journal of clinical ethics·2026
Same author

Providing an Optimized and emPowered Pregnancy for You (P<sup>3</sup>OPPY) Acceptability and Feasibility Pilot Trial.

American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM·2026
Same author

Prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2, early relational health, and child socio-emotional functioning in the first 6 months.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

39.7K

Head Circumference within the Normal Range and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants.

Elisa T Bushman1,2, Christina Blanchard1,2, Rachael G Sinkey1,2

  • 1Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

American Journal of Perinatology
|July 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Variations in head circumference (HC) within the normal range do not impact neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) at age two. This study found no association between HC changes and developmental delays, suggesting normal HC variations are not pathological.

More Related Videos

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

86.8K
Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
19:32

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

28.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

39.7K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

86.8K
Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
19:32

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

28.7K

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Head circumference (HC) is a key indicator of fetal growth and brain development.
  • Understanding the relationship between HC variations and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) is crucial for early identification of potential issues.
  • Previous research has not conclusively determined if HC variations within the normal range are associated with adverse NDO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between variations in head circumference (HC) within the normal range (5th-95th percentile) and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) at age two.
  • To determine if small-normal (5th-10th percentile) or large-normal (90th-95th percentile) HC is linked to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of a continuous change in HC (per 1 cm) on NDO.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on magnesium for cerebral palsy prevention.
  • Included fetuses with normal HC (5th-95th percentile) at birth.
  • NDO assessed at age two using Bayley II psychometrics (BSID-II); mild delay (<85), moderate delay (<70).
  • HC categorized as small normal (5th-10th), normal (10th-90th), and large normal (90th-95th).
  • Logistic and linear regression models used for analysis, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • 1,236 infants included: 8% small normal HC, 85% normal HC, 5% large normal HC.
  • No significant association found between HC variations (small normal, large normal) and developmental indices.
  • Continuous analysis showed no significant change in developmental indices for every 1 cm increase in HC.
  • Baseline characteristics were similar across HC groups.

Conclusions:

  • Variations in head circumference within the normal range (5th-95th percentile) are not associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age.
  • Changes in HC within the normal range do not appear to be a pathological factor affecting neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • A 1 cm increase in HC, when considered continuously, does not correlate with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.