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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Many-body physics

Background:

  • Studying energy fluctuations in quantum systems is crucial for understanding non-equilibrium dynamics.
  • Characterizing transition probabilities is key to verifying fundamental thermodynamic principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and experimentally validate a novel method for measuring energy fluctuations and transition probabilities.
  • To enable the study of non-equilibrium quantum systems using accessible experimental techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Combining theoretical frameworks with experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements.
  • Integrating numerical optimization for robust analysis of experimental data.
  • Utilizing local measurements on a two-interacting spin-1/2 system.

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained the bistochastic matrix of transition probabilities for a driven quantum system.
  • Demonstrated the recovery of physical probabilities from experimental data.
  • Enabled experimental verification of the detailed fluctuation theorem for a many-body system.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method provides an efficient and experimentally feasible route to study non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics.
  • This work validates the detailed fluctuation theorem in a complex quantum setting.
  • The technique offers a powerful tool for future investigations into quantum systems driven out of equilibrium.