Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...

Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance

Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An Experiential Experiment with Mentor Program Pods.

American journal of pharmaceutical education·2026

Same author

Implementing payer partnerships for patient care programs within clinically integrated networks of community pharmacies: A qualitative study.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·2025

Same author

Caring for communities: A 4-year pharmacy partnership focused on diabetes and cardiovascular health.

Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy·2025

Same author

Content of selected nutrients and heavy metals in prenatal multivitamins and minerals: an observational study.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2025

Same author

Health Care Utilization in an Academic Integrative Medicine Center, 2011-2022.

Journal of integrative and complementary medicine·2025

Same author

REMOVED: Content of selected nutrients and potential contaminants in prenatal multivitamins and minerals: an observational study

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

A longitudinal quality improvement program to optimize experiential education's ability to develop trusted

Wesley Nuffer¹, Jay Bolan², Laura M Borgelt³

¹Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12850 E Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, United States.

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning

|July 31, 2021

Summary

Student pharmacists gain independence through a 20-year curriculum development process. This approach ensures graduates are prepared for autonomous and team-based pharmacy practice.

Keywords:

Entrustable professional activities Experiential education Independent practitioner Interprofessional Student pharmacist

More Related Videos

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Published on: August 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum

Published on: August 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Pharmacy Education
Experiential Learning
Curriculum Development

Background:

The evolving role of pharmacists necessitates independent practice skills for student pharmacists.
Students must be prepared for both autonomous work and interprofessional collaboration.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a 20-year process of developing student independence in pharmacy experiential programs.
To demonstrate how increasing rigor and responsibility prepare students for modern pharmacy practice.

Main Methods:

Implemented a 20-year curricular modification process at the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Gradually increased student challenges and responsibilities through experiential practice settings.
Utilized continuous feedback and cyclic adjustments for program refinement.

Main Results:

Established a culture of trust and autonomy for student pharmacists.
Graduates are well-prepared for independent and team-based practice.
Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) assessments show high skill ratings for students.

Conclusions:

A long-term, trust-based curricular framework fosters independent pharmacy practitioners.
Continuous adaptation of experiential education is key to meeting practice demands.
Graduates are equipped for current and future roles in pharmacy.