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Risk factors for hyperglycemia in extremely low birth weight infants during the first 14 days

Yuka Inage1, Daishi Hirano1, Ai Nakagawa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Pediatrics and Neonatology
|July 31, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hyperglycemia is common in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs). Lower gestational age and specific probiotic use (Bifidobacterium breve M-16V) are key risk factors for hyperglycemia in ELBWIs.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Limited data exists on hyperglycemia risk factors in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs).
  • Hyperglycemia poses significant health risks to vulnerable ELBWIs.
  • Understanding these risks is crucial for optimizing infant care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of hyperglycemia in ELBWIs within the first 14 days of life.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with hyperglycemia development in ELBWIs.
  • To inform clinical practice and improve outcomes for ELBWIs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 55 ELBWIs (January 2015 - March 2020).
  • Hyperglycemia defined as glucose level ≥180 mg/dL.
  • Cox proportional hazards regression used to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Hyperglycemia occurred in 41.8% of ELBWIs within 14 days.
  • Lower gestational age was significantly associated with hyperglycemia (HR, 0.65; P=0.004).
  • Use of Bifidobacterium breve M-16V was linked to hyperglycemia (HR, 2.95; P=0.031).

Conclusions:

  • Hyperglycemia in ELBWIs is strongly linked to lower gestational age.
  • Specific probiotic use (B. breve M-16V) is a significant risk factor.
  • Potential carbohydrate load from probiotic excipients may contribute to hyperglycemia in ELBWIs.
Abstract

Keywords:
bifidobacteriumhyperglycemiainfantlow birth weightprobiotics

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