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No-go trials in task switching: effects on the task-set and task-space level.

Juliane Scheil1, Thomas Kleinsorge2

  • 1Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. scheil@ifado.de.

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|August 1, 2021
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Summary

No-go trials in task switching influence inhibition, specifically impacting n-2 repetition costs. Task-specific no-go trials in the n-2 task increase costs, suggesting effects on task set activation rather than response inhibition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Task switching research commonly uses n-2 repetition costs as a marker for inhibition processes.
  • Previous studies on no-go trials in task switching have yielded varied results, necessitating further investigation into their specific effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the effects of task-specific no-go trials on n-2 repetition costs in a task-switching paradigm.
  • To differentiate the impact of no-go trials presented in the n-2 trial versus the n trial on cognitive control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using a task-switching paradigm.
  • No-go trials were specifically associated with only one of the three tasks.
  • N-2 repetition costs were analyzed based on the task relevance of the no-go trial in preceding steps.

Main Results:

  • High n-2 repetition costs were observed when the no-go task was relevant in trial n-2, regardless of response execution.
  • No significant n-2 repetition costs were found when other tasks were relevant in trial n-2.
  • The impact of no-go trials in trial n was modulated by foreknowledge of whether a response had to be withheld.

Conclusions:

  • Task-specific no-go trials in the n-2 position affect inhibition at the task-set level, enhancing the salience and activation of the no-go task.
  • The findings suggest a dissociation between the effects of no-go trials in trial n-2 and trial n, influenced by foreknowledge.
  • The balance between cognitive activation and inhibition is dynamically adjusted not only for individual trials and tasks but across the entire task space.