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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying Spatial Protein Expression Using Agarose Embedded Lung Tissue Sections
Published on: October 6, 2023
Molecular cytology of the respiratory tract and pleura
Fang Zhou1, Elaine Shum2, Andre L Moreira1
1Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
There is growing evidence that molecular testing is feasible on all types of cytological preparation, which is fortunate as more diagnostic markers and biomarkers for targeted therapies are discovered for use in pulmonary and pleural malignancies. In this article we will discuss the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic (interpretive) considerations for successful implementation of molecular tests for diagnostic and predictive markers in respiratory and pleural cytology. The vast majority of laboratories are familiar with, and have validated their molecular protocols for, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens, which are not directly applicable to cytology specimens. Thus, rigorous validation must be performed for each type of fixative and cytology preparation before it is implemented in the clinical setting.
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