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Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia.

Steven M Silverstein1,2,3,4, Adriann Lai1, Kyle M Green3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Eye and Brain
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia is linked to reduced retinal microvasculature density and enlarged foveal avascular zones. These vascular changes correlate with neural thinning and lower verbal IQ, suggesting a biomarker for brain health.

Keywords:
OCT angiographyOCTAarterioleretinaschizophreniavenule

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia involves neural alterations similar to neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests compromised retinal microvasculature in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate retinal microvasculature density in schizophrenia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
  • To assess associations between microvasculature reductions, retinal neural layer thinning, and verbal IQ.

Main Methods:

  • 28 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients and 37 healthy controls underwent OCT and OCTA.
  • The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading assessed verbal IQ proxy.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced retinal microvasculature density and enlarged foveal avascular zones in both eyes.
  • Microvascular abnormalities were associated with retinal neural thinning and lower verbal IQ scores.
  • No significant differences in OCTA findings were observed between first- and later-episode schizophrenia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal microvasculature impairments in schizophrenia may serve as a biomarker for overall brain health.
  • Further research is required to understand the roles of social disadvantage and medical comorbidities.