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Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review).

Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu1,2, Adina-Elena Nenciu2, Sandru Florica3,4

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts women's health, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. This review synthesizes current data on thyroid conditions during pregnancy and lactation, including treatment options.

Keywords:
breastfeedinggestational thyrotoxicosishyperthyroidismmethimazolepregnancypropylthiouracilthyroid dysfunction in pregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction affects up to 12% of women, posing significant health and economic burdens.
  • Thyroid pathology impacts female fertility and requires preconception screening for detection.
  • Untreated maternal hyperthyroidism adversely affects fetal development and pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy.
  • To synthesize available treatment options for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and lactation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current data on thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.
  • Synthesis of treatment strategies for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during gestation and postpartum.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is linked to increased pregnancy loss and fetal complications.
  • Gestational thyrotoxicosis can occur due to structural similarity between TSH and hCG.
  • Propylthiouracil is a primary treatment for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, usable from the first trimester.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of thyroid dysfunction is crucial for optimizing pregnancy outcomes.
  • Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of maternal thyroid disorders are essential for fetal well-being.
  • Further research into safe and effective treatments during pregnancy and lactation is warranted.