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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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Shoulder examination: a systematic approach.

Akib M Khan1, Angelos Assiotis2, Mazin S Ibrahim3

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A systematic shoulder examination helps identify common pathologies like rotator cuff tears and impingement. This structured approach ensures accurate diagnosis for patients experiencing shoulder pain or instability.

Keywords:
Shoulder examinationimpingementrotator cuffshoulder instabilityshoulder pathologytendinopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The shoulder joint relies on intricate static and dynamic stabilizers for extensive mobility and stability.
  • Patients frequently present with shoulder issues such as pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity, or instability.
  • Overlooking critical pathologies during assessment can lead to suboptimal patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a systematic sequence for shoulder examination.
  • To ensure comprehensive evaluation and prevent overlooking significant shoulder pathologies.
  • To provide a reliable method for identifying common shoulder conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A detailed, step-by-step examination protocol for the shoulder joint.
  • Emphasis on a structured approach to cover all relevant anatomical structures and movements.
  • Clinical observation and palpation techniques integrated into the sequence.

Main Results:

  • The systematic sequence facilitates easy identification of common shoulder pathologies.
  • Conditions such as rotator cuff tears, impingement syndrome, and tendinopathy are readily diagnosed.
  • The protocol aids in differentiating various causes of shoulder dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic shoulder examination is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • This structured approach improves the detection of common shoulder pathologies.
  • The proposed sequence serves as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals and trainees.