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Management of epistaxis: a guide for junior doctors
Jake Ahmed1, Daniel Leopard1, Alex Teasdale1
1Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Wales Deanery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
Summary
This article details managing epistaxis (nosebleeds), from minor to severe cases, emphasizing emergency department protocols. It highlights crucial considerations, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic for upper airway procedures.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Emergency Medicine
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Epistaxis (nosebleeds) frequently presents as an acute condition in emergency departments.
- Nosebleed severity varies widely, from minor bleeding to life-threatening hemorrhage.
- Initial epistaxis management is typically handled by junior medical staff.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline essential management strategies for epistaxis.
- To address specific challenges in epistaxis care introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To ensure junior doctors are equipped to handle acute epistaxis presentations.
Main Methods:
- Review of current epistaxis management guidelines.
- Consideration of modified protocols due to COVID-19.
- Focus on initial assessment and treatment steps for emergency physicians and otolaryngologists.
Main Results:
- Standard epistaxis management involves prompt assessment and intervention.
- COVID-19 necessitates enhanced precautions due to upper airway involvement.
- Familiarity with established and adapted protocols is key for effective treatment.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of epistaxis requires a systematic approach, especially in acute settings.
- The COVID-19 pandemic adds complexity, demanding specific safety measures during epistaxis treatment.
- Continuous education for junior doctors on epistaxis care is vital for patient outcomes.
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