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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Classifying major mental disorders genetically.

Hongbao Cao1, Jun Wang2, Ancha Baranova3

  • 1School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals genetic links between ten mental disorders, creating a new classification system based on shared genetic factors. This genetic framework may improve understanding and treatment of psychiatric conditions.

Keywords:
Factor analysisGenomic structural equation modelingMental disordersPsychiatric traits

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Genomic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Current psychiatric diagnostic systems lack biological underpinnings, relying primarily on clinical symptoms.
  • Understanding the genetic architecture of mental disorders is crucial for elucidating biological mechanisms.
  • Psychiatric traits exhibit complex interrelationships that current classifications do not fully capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To genetically classify ten major mental disorders using genomic data.
  • To explore the hierarchical structure of genetic correlations among these disorders.
  • To provide a biologically informed framework for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.
  • Analyzed genetic correlations among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorder (ANX), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Tourette syndrome (TS).
  • Developed a hierarchical classificatory system based on identified genetic clusters.

Main Results:

  • The ten disorders are genetically inter-correlated, forming distinct clusters.
  • Major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (ANX), ADHD, ASD, and PTSD form one major genetic cluster.
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anorexia nervosa (AN), and Tourette syndrome (TS) form another cluster, with TS being relatively distinct.
  • A hierarchical structure was identified, suggesting a general psychopathology factor.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic SEM provides a novel method for classifying mental disorders based on genetic architecture.
  • The identified genetic clusters and hierarchical structure offer biological insights into psychiatric classification.
  • This genetically informed framework may guide future diagnostic revisions and personalized treatment strategies for mental disorders.