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Behavioural nudges increase COVID-19 vaccinations.

Hengchen Dai1, Silvia Saccardo2, Maria A Han3

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Text message reminders significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake by making vaccination easy and fostering a sense of ownership. Early reminders were more effective, especially when emphasizing vaccine ownership.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • Enhancing vaccine uptake is a significant public health challenge.
  • Overcoming vaccine hesitancy and intention-behavior gaps requires effective communication.
  • Behavioral interventions can influence health decisions, including vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of text-based behavioral interventions on COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
  • To assess the effectiveness of reminders delivered at different time points post-eligibility notification.
  • To investigate the role of perceived ownership and information interventions in vaccine uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Two sequential randomized controlled trials involving over 160,000 participants were conducted.
  • Text-based reminders were delivered one and eight days after vaccine eligibility notification.
  • Online studies examined vaccination intentions and intervention effects on a smaller scale.

Main Results:

  • The first reminder (one day post-notification) significantly increased appointment and vaccination rates.
  • The second reminder (eight days post-notification) showed a smaller, yet positive, effect.
  • Reminders emphasizing vaccine ownership enhanced effectiveness; combined video interventions did not.

Conclusions:

  • Text-based reminders are effective behavioral nudges for increasing vaccine uptake.
  • Optimizing reminder timing and content, such as fostering ownership, can maximize impact.
  • Field-based pilot testing is crucial for validating interventions due to potential discrepancies with online study findings.