Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

940
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
940
Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

563
Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
563
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

1.1K
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
1.1K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

376
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
376
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

681
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
681
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

302
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
302

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Integrated diamond quantum spectrometer for high-resolution picoliter nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under ambient magnetic noise.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Asymmetric-beam steady-state thermoreflectance for three-dimensional anisotropic thermal conductivity measurements.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

The next-generation particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous time-resolved measurements of nuclear-burn and x-ray emission histories in support of basic-science and inertial confinement fusion experiments at OMEGA.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Cavity-based non-destructive diagnostics of beam quadrupole moment and energy spread.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Measuring reaction-in-flight neutrons via the activation technique.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Design of a test rig for the investigation of water separation in two-phase annular flow.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.0K

Time-resolved ion energy measurements using a retarding potential analyzer.

Matthew Baird1, Ron McGee-Sinclair1, Kristina Lemmer1

  • 1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new methods to reconstruct ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) in flowing plasma. These techniques accurately capture time-varying plasma energy, crucial for understanding plasma dynamics.

More Related Videos

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.9K
Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
10:03

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.0K
Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.9K
Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
10:03

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Applied Physics

Background:

  • Flowing laboratory plasmas are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding time-varying ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) is essential for plasma characterization.
  • Existing methods for IEDF measurement may lack temporal resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel methods for temporally resolved IEDF reconstruction in flowing laboratory plasma.
  • To assess the efficacy of two distinct data fusion techniques for IEDF analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a retarding potential energy analyzer with high-speed, low-noise instrumentation.
  • Generated time-varying plasma energy using a commercial gridded ion source modulated at 1 and 20 kHz.
  • Reconstructed IEDFs using two data fusion techniques: empirical transfer function and shadow manifold interpolation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reconstructed IEDFs for plasmas with time-varying ion energy.
  • Demonstrated the capability of the developed methods to capture fast plasma dynamics.
  • Achieved excellent agreement between the reconstructed IEDFs from both analysis methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed data fusion techniques provide accurate temporal resolution for IEDFs in flowing plasmas.
  • These methods offer a significant advancement in characterizing dynamic plasma behavior.
  • The study validates the use of empirical transfer function and shadow manifold interpolation for IEDF reconstruction.