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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Modelling Lipid-Coated Microbubbles in Focused Ultrasound Applications at Subresonance Frequencies.

Jonas Gümmer1, Sören Schenke1, Fabian Denner1

  • 1Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|August 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models lipid-coated microbubbles, finding that their behavior under ultrasound is accurately predicted by accounting for the lipid shell. Inertial cavitation onset depends on bubble size and excitation pressure.

Keywords:
Acoustic emissionsFocused ultrasoundInertial cavitationNonlinear bubble dynamicsUltrasound contrast agents

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • SonoVue microbubbles are crucial in focused ultrasound applications.
  • Understanding microbubble dynamics under ultrasound excitation is vital for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.
  • Existing models often simplify or neglect the effects of microbubble coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally investigate the behavior of lipid-coated SonoVue microbubbles under specific ultrasound excitation conditions.
  • To evaluate the predictive accuracy of the Rayleigh-Plesset and Gilmore equations, incorporating a new variant of the Marmottant model for lipid coating.
  • To identify the key parameters influencing microbubble dynamics and the onset of inertial cavitation.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations using the Rayleigh-Plesset and Gilmore equations coupled with the Marmottant model for lipid monolayer.
  • Introduction of a continuously differentiable variant of the Marmottant model.
  • Analysis of bubble dynamics across a range of initial radii (1–2 µm), frequencies (200–1500 kHz), and pressure amplitudes (up to 1500 kPa).

Main Results:

  • A linear regime was identified below inertial cavitation onset, where bubble wall pressure scales linearly with excitation pressure and mechanical index.
  • Inertial cavitation onset was predicted at approximately 130–190 kPa, consistent with experimental findings.
  • The Gilmore equation accurately predicted bubble behavior, while the Rayleigh-Plesset equation offered qualitative accuracy, even outside its validity range.
  • The lipid coating was found to be critical for accurate predictions, whereas surface dilational viscosity and liquid compressibility had negligible influence.

Conclusions:

  • The lipid coating significantly impacts microbubble behavior under ultrasound, necessitating its inclusion in dynamic models.
  • Both the Gilmore and Rayleigh-Plesset equations, when appropriately applied, can predict key aspects of microbubble acoustic emissions.
  • The study provides valuable insights into microbubble behavior relevant to focused ultrasound therapies and diagnostics.