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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

197
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

341
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
341
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

102
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
102
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

87
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
87
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

331
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
331
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

139
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Snakebite-Associated Kidney Injury.

Polianna Albuquerque1,2, Sandra Mara Mota2,3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Contributions to Nephrology
|August 4, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Snakebite-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication, often linked to Viperidae snake venom. Understanding its pathogenesis, including coagulation issues, aids early diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Snakebite envenoming is a significant global health issue, particularly from Viperidae family snakes.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and potentially fatal complication of snakebite.
  • Coagulation abnormalities frequently accompany snakebites and are implicated in AKI development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on snake venom-induced AKI.
  • To identify common venomous snakes worldwide responsible for AKI.
  • To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of AKI following envenomation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on snake venom and AKI.
  • Analysis of snake species distribution and venom toxicity.
  • Examination of pathophysiological pathways leading to AKI.

Main Results:

  • Viperidae snakebites are a primary cause of AKI globally.
  • Coagulopathy is a key factor in the pathogenesis of snakebite-associated AKI.
  • Understanding venom-induced AKI mechanisms is crucial for clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Snakebite-related AKI requires comprehensive understanding for effective patient care.
  • Early recognition of envenomation and associated AKI is vital for primary healthcare providers.
  • Further research into venom nephrotoxicity can improve outcomes for snakebite victims.