Recent Advances in Studies on the Role of Neuroendocrine Disorders in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea...

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Sleep Medicine
• Neuroendocrinology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis (AS) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are significant contributors to global cardiovascular disease mortality.
• OSAHS is known to induce endothelial injury, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, but the precise mechanisms driving AS remain elusive.
• The nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic and inflammatory processes implicated in AS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential mechanisms of neuroendocrine disorders in the development of OSAHS-induced atherosclerosis.
• To provide a foundation for developing targeted intervention strategies for OSAHS-related cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the interplay between the nervous system, neuroendocrine function, and OSAHS.
• Analysis of studies investigating neurophysiological changes and modulator release in OSAHS.
• Synthesis of evidence linking neuroendocrine dysfunction to AS pathogenesis.

Main Results:

• OSAHS can induce neurophysiological plasticity changes and alter modulator release, suggesting neuroendocrine dysfunction.
• The nervous system's regulatory functions in appetite, metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and vasoconstriction are affected by OSAHS.
• Neuroendocrine dysregulation is proposed as a critical pathway connecting OSAHS to the initiation and progression of AS.

Conclusions:

• Neuroendocrine dysfunction is a plausible mechanism underlying OSAHS-induced atherosclerosis.
• Understanding these neuroendocrine pathways offers new avenues for therapeutic interventions against AS in OSAHS patients.