Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Smart contact lens-trained digital twin for device-free personalized uric acid prediction.

Science advances·2026

Same author

A scaffold-degradable single-rivet ASD occluder with amplatzer-like design: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics·2026

Same author

Fine particulate matter and tobacco product exposure exacerbates metabolic syndrome-related colon cancer via regulating oxidative stress and tumor-associated macrophage interactions.

Cancer & metabolism·2026

Same author

Adoptive T-cell therapies in the clinic.

Bioengineering & translational medicine·2026

Same author

Efficient Direct Recycling of Spent Batteries: Integrated Lithiation and Delamination.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Antifungal activity and potential mechanisms of two new bafilomycin analogues from Streptomyces sp. TH30 against tomato early blight.

Pest management science·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

A Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Approach to Intravenous Formulation.

Jayoung Kim^1,2, Yujie Shi^1,2,3, Christopher J Kwon¹

¹John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|August 5, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) formulation for hydrophobic drugs like chemotherapeutics. This biocompatible DES approach creates stable nanocomplexes that effectively target and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

Keywords:

cellular uptake chemotherapy deep eutectic solvents nanocomplexes tumor penetration

More Related Videos

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Materials Science
Oncology

Background:

Hydrophobic drugs, such as chemotherapeutics, present formulation challenges for clinical use.
Current solubilization strategies often rely on organic solvents, leading to toxic and unstable products.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a clinically viable, one-step formulation strategy for hydrophobic drugs using deep eutectic solvents (DES).
To evaluate the efficacy of a verteporfin-loaded lipoidal DES formulation in preclinical cancer models.

Main Methods:

A lipoidal deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline and oleate was synthesized.
Verteporfin was solvated within the DES to form stable sub-100 nm nanocomplexes.
The nanocomplexes' cellular uptake, tumor penetration, and in vivo efficacy were assessed in an orthotopic 4T1 murine breast tumor model.

Main Results:

Stable, sub-100 nm verteporfin-loaded nanocomplexes were successfully generated using the lipoidal DES.
The formulation demonstrated efficient cellular uptake, retention, tumor spheroid penetration, and in vivo tumor accumulation.
Systemic administration significantly inhibited primary tumor growth and lung metastasis.

Conclusions:

Biocompatible deep eutectic solvents offer a promising, safe, and effective platform for formulating hydrophobic chemotherapeutics.
This DES-based approach represents a novel strategy for intravenous drug delivery, overcoming limitations of traditional organic solvents.
The formulation shows significant potential for advancing cancer treatment by improving drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.