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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Sydenham's chorea: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.

Antonio L Teixeira1,2,3, Luiz P Vasconcelos1, Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes1

  • 1Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Graduation Program, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sydenham's chorea is an autoimmune disorder following streptococcal infection, causing movement and behavioral issues. Treatment strategies are reviewed, highlighting limited evidence and a proposed algorithm based on symptom severity.

Keywords:
Sydenham’s choreaanti-basal ganglia antibodiescorticosteroidsdopamine antagonistspandaspenicillinrheumatic chorearheumatic fevertreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sydenham's chorea is an autoimmune condition triggered by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections.
  • It presents with chorea, and can involve carditis, arthritis, and neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies for Sydenham's chorea.
  • To address the controversies and limited high-quality evidence in treating this condition.
  • To present a treatment algorithm for Sydenham's chorea.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment evidence for Sydenham's chorea.
  • Analysis of existing therapeutic approaches including secondary prevention of GABHS infections, chorea reduction, and immune modulation.
  • Development of a serial treatment algorithm based on clinical severity and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Sydenham's chorea is a model for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders, though research is marked by conflicting results.
  • High-quality interventional studies on therapeutics are limited, often relying on clinical experience.
  • A treatment algorithm is proposed, guiding management based on symptom severity and pharmacotherapy response.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of Sydenham's chorea requires addressing GABHS infection, chorea, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to establish evidence-based therapeutic guidelines.
  • The proposed algorithm offers a structured approach to treatment selection in clinical practice.