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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

102
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
102
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

33
In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
33
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

198
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
198
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

97
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
97
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

111
Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: May 15, 2021

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Cisplatin chemotherapy and renal function.

Jie Zhang1, Zhi-Wei Ye1, Kenneth D Tew1

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.

Advances in Cancer Research
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cisplatin is a key chemotherapy drug, but it can harm the kidneys. This review explains the biochemical processes and redox events causing cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity.

Keywords:
Alkylating agentAntioxidantsBioactivationCisplatinGlutathioneGlutathione S-transferasesKidneyNephrotoxicityRedox pathwaysTransporters

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cisplatin has been a vital anticancer agent since the 1970s.
  • Kidney toxicity is a significant limitation to its clinical application.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical pathways and metabolic conversions responsible for cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity.
  • To elucidate the role of redox events in the physiological consequences of cisplatin.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for researchers and clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of biochemical and metabolic data related to cisplatin.
  • Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Cisplatin triggers a cascade of biochemical events leading to kidney damage.
  • Redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and inflammation are key contributors.
  • Metabolic pathways involving drug activation and detoxification play a role.

Conclusions:

  • Cisplatin nephrotoxicity arises from complex biochemical interactions.
  • Targeting specific redox pathways may mitigate kidney damage.
  • Further research is needed to develop nephroprotective strategies.