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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Published on: November 4, 2021

Photopatterned microswimmers with programmable motion without external stimuli.

Yeongjae Choi^1,2, Cheolheon Park^3,4, Amos C Lee⁵

¹Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. yeongjae@snu.ac.kr.

Nature Communications

|August 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed programmable microscale swimmers using the Marangoni effect for self-propulsion. This photopatterning method enables high-throughput fabrication of microswimmers with complex, programmed behaviors.

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Area of Science:

Microscale engineering
Soft robotics
Surface science

Background:

Marangoni swimmers offer self-propulsion without external energy or mechanical systems.
Existing Marangoni microswimmer fabrication methods limit programmability and mass production.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce highly programmable microscale swimmers driven by the Marangoni effect.
To overcome fabrication limitations hindering programmability and mass production of microswimmers.

Main Methods:

Utilized a photopatterning method for fabricating microscale swimmers.
Engineered microswimmers with multiple functional parts and distinct material properties.
Achieved high-throughput production of microswimmers.

Main Results:

Successfully generated programmable Marangoni microswimmers with multiple functional parts.
Demonstrated high-throughput fabrication capabilities.
Programmed complex motions including time-dependent direction changes and self-disassembly.

Conclusions:

Photopatterning enables advanced programmability and mass production of Marangoni microswimmers.
The developed microswimmers exhibit unprecedented control over motion and behavior.
This advancement opens new possibilities for microscale devices and applications.