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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new theory reveals odd viscosity, a non-dissipative fluid property, exists in 3D active materials like living cells. This discovery extends odd viscosity beyond 2D systems and shows unique wave propagation effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Traditional viscosity in fluids is linked to energy dissipation.
  • Odd viscosity, a non-dissipative phenomenon, emerges when time-reversal symmetry is broken.
  • Previous research focused on 2D systems, leaving a microscopic theory for active materials absent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a first-principles microscopic Hamiltonian theory for odd viscosity in active materials.
  • To extend the understanding of odd viscosity to 3D systems.
  • To investigate the implications of odd viscosity in biological matter.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a microscopic Hamiltonian theory applicable to both 2D and 3D systems.
  • Analyzed systems with globally or locally aligned spinning components.
  • Investigated systems at zero temperature.

Main Results:

  • Odd viscosity is present in 3D fluids and active materials, including living matter.
  • Demonstrated odd viscosity in systems with aligned spinning components, even at zero temperature.
  • Observed novel 3D effects: anisotropic bulk shear wave propagation and breakdown of Bernoulli's principle.

Conclusions:

  • Odd viscosity is a fundamental property applicable to 3D active materials.
  • The theory provides a microscopic basis for odd viscosity in systems like actomyosin gels.
  • The findings open new avenues for understanding fluid dynamics in active and biological systems.