Observation of a Dissipative Time Crystal

Area of Science:

• Quantum physics
• Condensed matter physics
• Non-equilibrium dynamics

Background:

• Time crystals represent a novel phase of matter breaking time-translation symmetry.
• Previous theoretical models often relied on conservative systems, limiting experimental realization.
• Dissipation, typically seen as detrimental, is explored as a stabilizing mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To experimentally realize and characterize a time crystal stabilized by dissipation.
• To investigate the role of dissipation in stabilizing non-equilibrium quantum phases.
• To demonstrate the robustness of this novel dynamical phase.

Main Methods:

• Implementation in a driven open atom-cavity system.
• Utilizing cavity dissipation and cavity-mediated interactions.
• Employing external driving to sustain the non-equilibrium state.

Main Results:

• Observation of a period-doubled switching between distinct checkerboard density wave patterns.
• Experimental confirmation of a time crystal phase stabilized by dissipation.
• Demonstration of robustness against parameter variations and driving perturbations.

Conclusions:

• Dissipation can be a key ingredient for stabilizing exotic quantum phases like time crystals.
• The demonstrated system provides a platform for exploring non-equilibrium physics.
• This work opens new avenues for the study and application of time crystals.