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Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine.

James Meehan1, Mark Gray2, Carlos Martínez-Pérez1,3

  • 1Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
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Summary

Prostate cancer (PC) management needs better biomarkers beyond prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for diagnosing aggressiveness and predicting treatment response. Novel biomarkers are crucial for precision medicine in PC.

Keywords:
liquid-based biomarkersprecision medicineprostate cancertissue-based biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer death in men.
  • Current PC diagnosis relies on clinical signs and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, which lack specificity and lead to over-diagnosis.
  • PC heterogeneity makes it difficult to distinguish aggressive from indolent tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in PC-specific biomarker research.
  • To highlight the unmet need for prognostic and predictive biomarkers for PC management.
  • To discuss novel biomarkers that can predict aggressiveness and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PC biomarker research.
  • Analysis of evolving PSA-based tests and newly approved assays.
  • Exploration of genomic and proteomic techniques for biomarker identification.

Main Results:

  • Advances in genomic and proteomic techniques are identifying novel tissue, blood, and urine-based PC biomarkers.
  • Research is progressing on alternative diagnostic biomarkers to PSA.
  • Biomarkers for predicting PC aggressiveness and treatment response are under development.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biomarkers hold significant potential to improve PC clinical management.
  • There is a critical need for biomarkers that indicate disease aggressiveness at diagnosis.
  • Future research aims to supplement or replace current practices with more precise diagnostic and prognostic tools.