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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons
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Don't shoot the messenger… shoot the reader.

Mariavittoria Pizzinga1, Robert F Harvey1, Angela Rubio1

  • 1MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.

Molecular Cell
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found that the YTHDF2 protein, an m6A reader, is crucial for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth and survival. Targeting this specific protein shows promise for new breast cancer treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies.
  • RNA modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are increasingly recognized as key regulators in cancer.
  • m6A 'reader' proteins play critical roles in interpreting these epigenetic marks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the m6A reader protein YTHDF2 in TNBC.
  • To determine the role of YTHDF2 in TNBC cell proliferation and survival.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting YTHDF2 in TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of YTHDF2 expression in TNBC tissues and cell lines.
  • Functional assays including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration assays.
  • Investigating the downstream molecular mechanisms regulated by YTHDF2.

Main Results:

  • YTHDF2 is upregulated in TNBC and significantly correlates with poor prognosis.
  • Depletion of YTHDF2 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and reduces tumor growth in vivo.
  • YTHDF2 regulates key oncogenic pathways involved in TNBC progression.

Conclusions:

  • YTHDF2 is a critical driver of TNBC proliferation and survival.
  • Targeting YTHDF2 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
  • Understanding the role of m6A readers offers new avenues for breast cancer treatment.