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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

778
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

581
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
8.8K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.0K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

5.2K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Engagement of the TCR against an oncolytic virus generates a population of effector CAR T cells with potent antitumor activity.

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Necroptosis in both tumour and stromal compartments determines responsiveness to immunogenic cell death-based immunotherapy.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy.

Antonio Marchini1,2, Carolina S Ilkow3,4, Alan Melcher5

  • 1Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Cancers
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are now seen as immunotherapy, not just cytotoxic agents. They stimulate anti-tumor immune responses to fight cancer.

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Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
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Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
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Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) were initially developed for direct tumor cell killing.
  • Emerging research highlights their potent immunomodulatory capabilities.

Discussion:

  • OVs activate innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses.
  • They can enhance the efficacy of other cancer therapies.

Key Insights:

  • The immunotherapeutic potential of OVs is a paradigm shift in oncology.
  • OVs reprogram the tumor microenvironment to be immune-permissive.

Outlook:

  • Further research into OV-based combination therapies is crucial.
  • Optimizing OV delivery and immune stimulation will enhance clinical outcomes.