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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

47
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
47
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

43
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
43

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Updated: May 7, 2026

A Single Cell Dissociation Approach for Molecular Analysis of Urinary Bladder in the Mouse Following Spinal Cord Injury
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"Encyclopaedia Cloacae"-Mapping Wastewaters from Pathogen A to Z.

Aurora Hirvonen1, Sara Comero1, Simona Tavazzi1

  • 1Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy.

Microorganisms
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Encyclopaedia Cloacae is a new digital platform cataloguing pathogens in wastewater to advance wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and public health surveillance. It aids early infectious disease detection and strengthens global health security.

Keywords:
Encyclopaedia CloacaeOne Healthpublic healthwastewater-based epidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health surveillance
  • Digital epidemiology

Background:

  • Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is crucial for public health surveillance.
  • A centralized, curated database of pathogens in wastewater is needed.
  • Existing WBE data is fragmented, hindering comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Encyclopaedia Cloacae, a novel digital platform for WBE.
  • To support and advance public health surveillance through cataloguing wastewater pathogens.
  • To provide actionable insights for infectious disease detection and pandemic preparedness.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a centralized digital platform hosted on the EU Wastewater Observatory for Public Health (EU4S).
  • Established a structured workflow with harmonized criteria for data curation (pathogen presence in excreta, wastewater detectability, public health integration).
  • Integrated the Visualising the Invisible dashboard for geospatial insights into WBE research.

Main Results:

  • The Encyclopaedia Cloacae consolidates peer-reviewed evidence on pathogen detectability in wastewater.
  • The platform enables early detection of known and emerging infectious diseases.
  • Geospatial dashboards identify surveillance gaps and research hotspots.

Conclusions:

  • The Encyclopaedia Cloacae enhances timely public health responses and pandemic preparedness.
  • The platform supports One Health strategies by linking human, animal, and environmental health.
  • Future directions include automation and expansion to include antimicrobial resistance and chemical hazards.