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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

A Protocol for Bioinspired Design: A Ground Sampler Based on Sea Urchin Jaws
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A Protocol for Bioinspired Design: A Ground Sampler Based on Sea Urchin Jaws

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Down to the Bone: A Novel Bio-Inspired Design Concept.

Federica Buccino1, Irene Aiazzi1, Alessandro Casto1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering (DMEC), Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nature

Keywords:
aestheticarchitecturebone-inspiredbone-mimickinggarmentsproduct designstructural

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics and Materials Science
  • Engineering and Design
  • Architecture and Fashion

Background:

  • Natural evolution offers ingenious solutions for technological advancements.
  • Bone's unique properties (strength, toughness, lightness) inspire diverse applications.
  • Bone's fracture resistance and porous structure offer structural and aesthetic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the state-of-the-art in bone-inspired applications.
  • To categorize inspirations into structural and aesthetic.
  • To discuss future technological developments in biomimicry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bone-inspired concepts.
  • Analysis of applications in product design, architecture, and garments.
  • Categorization based on structural and aesthetic principles.

Main Results:

  • Bone-inspired structural applications leverage fracture resistance.
  • Aesthetic applications utilize bone's high surface area and pore connectivity.
  • Cross-disciplinary potential identified in product design, architecture, and fashion.

Conclusions:

  • Bone biomimicry offers significant potential across multiple fields.
  • Further research can unlock new technological developments.
  • The "down to the bone" concept signifies a search for fundamental, universal design principles.