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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
6.8K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

376
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
376
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

2.1K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
2.1K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.2K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.2K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.2K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.2K

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Quantitative rotational-echo double resonance for Carbon-13 spin clusters.

Shigeru Matsuoka1, Miriam Sindelar2, Sonal Bansal2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) for clusters of 13C spins (RDX) achieves quantitative analysis of 13C clusters. This method, RDX24, enables precise characterization of nitrogen isotopic enrichments in cellular proteins.

Keywords:
(13)C spin clusters(15)N distributionsHuman embryonic kidney cellsRecouplingSolid state NMR

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Quantitative analysis of 13C spin clusters in biological systems is challenging.
  • Traditional REDOR methods struggle with interference from scalar J couplings, limiting their application to isolated spin pairs.
  • Developing robust NMR techniques for isotopic enrichment analysis in complex biological samples is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified REDOR technique (RDX24) for quantitative analysis of 13C spin clusters.
  • To apply RDX24 to characterize nitrogen isotopic enrichments in human embryonic kidney cells.
  • To enable precise quantification of metabolic pathways and nutrient utilization through isotopic labeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified REDOR technique (RDX24) employing half the evolution time for dephasing pulses.
  • Combined Hahn echoes with solid echoes to suppress scalar J coupling interference.
  • Applied the RDX24 scheme to cultured human embryonic kidney cells labeled with L-[13C5-15N2]-glutamine.

Main Results:

  • RDX24 demonstrated universal REDOR behavior for 13C clusters, similar to isolated 13C-15N pairs.
  • The RDX24 method proved quantitative for 13C clusters.
  • Successfully characterized three distinct nitrogen isotopic enrichments in cellular components.

Conclusions:

  • RDX24 offers a robust and quantitative method for analyzing 13C spin clusters in biological systems.
  • The technique allows for detailed characterization of nitrogen isotopic enrichments in proteins and amino acids.
  • This advancement provides a powerful tool for metabolic flux analysis and understanding cellular biosynthesis.