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Snus and Alcohol: Mutually Rewarding Effects in the Brain? A Matched Controlled Population Study.

Reidulf G Watten1, Veslemøy P Watten2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, INN University, Norway.

Substance Abuse : Research and Treatment
|August 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Users of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) consume significantly more alcohol and exhibit riskier drinking patterns compared to non-users. This study highlights a crucial link between snus use and elevated alcohol consumption, impacting public health strategies.

Keywords:
Snusaddictionalcoholrewardsmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Moist smokeless tobacco (snus) use is rising globally, particularly among young adults.
  • While snus is linked to various health issues, its association with alcohol consumption remains underexplored.
  • Neuro-cognitive and psychological theories suggest potential shared reward pathways in the brain that may link snus and alcohol use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the use of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) and alcohol consumption patterns.
  • To compare drinking habits and alcohol consumption levels between snus users and a matched control group of non-users.

Main Methods:

  • A matched control group design was employed, comparing 1043 snus users with 1043 age- and gender-matched non-users.
  • Data collected included drinking habits, alcohol consumption, education, income, self-perceived general, dental, and mental health, depressive symptoms, and BMI.
  • Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to control for background variables in estimating alcohol consumption.

Main Results:

  • Snus users reported lower education, lower income, and poorer general, dental, and mental health compared to non-users.
  • Snus users demonstrated a higher frequency of drinking, intoxication, and excess drinking.
  • After controlling for covariates, snus users showed significantly higher estimated yearly alcohol consumption (25.2% weekdays, 26.4% weekends) and 60.2% higher excess consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Snus users exhibit elevated alcohol consumption and distinct drinking styles compared to non-users.
  • Findings suggest potential neuro-cognitive and psychopharmacological mechanisms, including reward learning and conditioning, underlying the observed association.
  • Results have significant implications for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of both alcohol and nicotine dependence.