Effects of Surface Chemistry Interaction on Primary Neural Stem Cell Neurosphere Responses

The characteristics of a material's surface are extremely important when considering their interactions with biological species. Despite surface chemistry playing a critical role in mediating the responses of cells, there remains no single rule which dictates absolute performance; this is particularly challenging when considering the response of differing cell types to a range of materials. Here, we highlight the functional behavior of neural stem cells presented as neurospheres, with respect to a range of alkane-based self-assembled monolayers presenting different functional groups: OH, CO₂H, NH₂, phenyl, CH₃, SH, and laminin. The influence of chemical cues was examined in terms of neurosphere spreading on each of these defined surfaces (cell adhesion and migration capacity) and neuronal versus glial marker expression. Measurements were made over a time series of 3, 5, and 7 days, showing a dynamic nature to the initial responses observed after seeding. While OH surfaces presented an excellent platform for glial migration, larger proportions of cells expressing neuronal β₃-tubulin were found on SH- and laminin-coated surfaces. Axonal elongation was found to be initially similar on all surfaces with neurite lengths having a wider spread predominantly on NH₂- and laminin-presenting surfaces. A generalized trend could not be found to correlate cellular responses with surface wettability, lipophilicity (log P), or charge/ionizability (pK _a). These results highlight the potential for chemical cues to direct primary neural stem cell responses in contact with the defined materials. New biomaterials which control specific cell culture characteristics in vitro will streamline the up-scale manufacture of cellular therapies, with the enrichment of the required populations resulting from a defined material interaction.