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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Effect of temperature decrease on anammox granular sludge: Shock and adaptation.

Chao Pan1, Dongdong Xu1, Ziyang Dong1

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|August 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stepwise cooling improves anammox granular sludge (AnGS) preservation by inducing a dormant state in bacteria, enhancing physical properties and microbial survival rates. Sharp cooling offers less protection, while constant room temperature shows the lowest preservation effectiveness.

Keywords:
AnammoxAnammox granular sludgeDormant structureTemperature decrease effect

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) is crucial for wastewater treatment.
  • Cryopreservation is a key method for AnGS preservation.
  • The impact of cooling pretreatment on AnGS properties remains largely uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of different cooling modes on AnGS properties.
  • To evaluate the impact of cooling on the physical integrity and microbial viability of AnGS.
  • To understand the response mechanisms of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Bacteria (AnAOB) to cooling.

Main Methods:

  • AnGS samples were subjected to various cooling modes: constant room temperature (CK), sharp cooling (S4, S20), and stepwise cooling (A4, A20).
  • Physical properties (color, shape, structure) and microbial preservation rates were assessed.
  • The state of AnAOB (dormant vs. shock) was observed under different cooling conditions.

Main Results:

  • Stepwise cooling (A4, A20) significantly improved AnGS physical preservability and elevated the preservation rate of key bacteria (Planctomycetes, Candidatus Brocadia).
  • Live cell preservation rates were highest in stepwise cooling modes (A4: 81.7%, A20: 61.9%) compared to sharp cooling and control.
  • AnAOB in stepwise cooling entered a dormant state forming 'dormant zoogloea', while those in sharp cooling entered a shock state.

Conclusions:

  • Stepwise cooling is a superior method for preserving AnGS compared to sharp cooling or constant temperature.
  • The induction of a dormant state in AnAOB via stepwise cooling is critical for effective AnGS preservation.
  • These findings contribute to advancing AnGS preservation technologies.