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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Microscopic Structural Evolution during Ultrastable Metallic Glass Formation.

Peng Luo¹, Fan Zhu², Yu-Miao Lv¹

¹Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 10, 2021

Summary

Decreasing deposition rate in ZrCuAl metallic glasses reduces nanoscale compositional fluctuations, leading to ultrastability. This reveals two key dynamical processes governing the formation of stable metallic glasses.

Keywords:

X-ray diffraction enhanced surface mobility nanoindentation nanoscale compositional fluctuation physical vapor deposition transmission electron microscopy ultrastable metallic glass

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Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Published on: April 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) influences metallic glass properties.
Microscopic mechanisms behind improved stability in ZrCuAl metallic glasses are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the microscopic structural mechanisms governing the formation of ultrastable ZrCuAl metallic glasses.
To correlate deposition rate with structural evolution and material properties.

Main Methods:

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for high-resolution imaging.
High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
Systematic variation of physical vapor deposition rates.

Main Results:

Metallic glasses deposited at higher rates show nanoscale compositional heterogeneity.
Decreasing deposition rate leads to the disappearance of these fluctuations and a homogeneous structure.
A homogeneous structure correlates with enhanced material stability and mechanical performance, approaching ultrastability.

Conclusions:

Ultrastable metallic glass formation involves two competing dynamical processes.
A fast diffusion process driven by atomic kinetic energy causes initial nanoscale fluctuations.
A slower collective relaxation process homogenizes the structure, equilibrates atoms, and enhances atomic connectivity.