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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

Structured fabrics with tunable mechanical properties.

Yifan Wang^1,2, Liuchi Li¹, Douglas Hofmann³

¹Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

|August 12, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed tunable fabrics from 3D particles forming chain mails. Applying minimal pressure dramatically increases stiffness, offering adaptive material solutions.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Physics

Background:

Structured fabrics derive properties from materials and geometry.
Typically, fabric properties are fixed after fabrication.
Tunable mechanical properties are highly desirable for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate structured fabrics with tunable bending modulus.
To investigate the jamming behavior of layered chain mails under pressure.
To explore applications for adaptive fabrics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of layered chain mails from 3D particles.
Experimental application of external pressure to induce jamming.
Discrete-element simulations to model micro-structure and macroscale properties.

Main Results:

Chain mails exhibited a tunable bending modulus.
Small external pressure (approx. 93 kPa) increased stiffness over 25-fold.
Jamming phase transition observed, described by a power-law function.

Conclusions:

Structured fabrics with tunable stiffness can be realized using interlocking 3D particles.
This jamming mechanism offers a novel approach to adaptive materials.
Potential applications include wearable exoskeletons, haptic devices, and medical supports.