Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

481
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
481
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

7.0K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
7.0K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

579
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
579
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

8.4K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
8.4K
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

304
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
304
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Clinicopathological Characteristics of ROS1-positive 
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Next-generation Sequencing].

Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer·2026
Same author

Infection of Rhesus Macaques with O'nyong-nyong virus UVRI-0804 recapitulates key aspects of human clinical disease.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026
Same author

A large-scale multi-ancestry mitochondrial variant association analysis for cardiometabolic traits.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Monodisperse Octahedral PbSe Nanocrystals Encased in Eight (111) Facets and Their Orthorhombic Superlattice.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Global research trends in programmed cell death in rheumatoid arthritis from 2001 to 2025: a bibliometric analysis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Astrocytic FDX1 Contributes to Copper Dyshomeostasis-associated Synaptic Dysfunction in Depression and Is Modulated by Exercise.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
04:57

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data

Published on: October 23, 2020

10.4K

Polygenic Breast Cancer Risk for Women Veterans in the Million Veteran Program.

Jessica Minnier1,2,3, Nallakkandi Rajeevan4,5, Lina Gao1,2,3

  • 1OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.

JCO Precision Oncology
|August 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated breast cancer (BC) risk models in a diverse cohort, finding that genetic risk scores improved prediction in European women but not in African American women. Further research is needed to enhance genetic risk assessment for African American women.

More Related Videos

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.8K
Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

446

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
04:57

Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data

Published on: October 23, 2020

10.4K
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.8K
Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

446

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Accurate breast cancer (BC) risk assessment is crucial for personalized screening and prevention strategies.
  • Prospective validation of prediction models is a prerequisite for clinical implementation.
  • This study evaluates clinical and genetic BC prediction models in a large, prospective, multiracial cohort from the Million Veteran Program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of clinical and genetic breast cancer (BC) risk prediction models.
  • To assess the added value of a polygenic risk score (PRS313) to existing clinical models.
  • To investigate prediction accuracy across different ancestral groups, particularly European and African American women.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective validation of clinical BC risk models (Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium, literature review, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool) with and without a polygenic risk score (PRS313) in 35,130 genetic females.
  • Evaluation of prediction accuracy using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), hazard ratios, and proportion with high absolute lifetime risk.
  • Analysis of incident breast cancer cases in women of European and African American ancestries over a median follow-up of 3.9 years.

Main Results:

  • Three hundred thirty-eight incident breast cancers were observed during the follow-up period.
  • The combination of a literature review model with PRS313 achieved an AUC of 0.708 in European/non-African ancestries and 0.625 in African American (AA) women.
  • Incorporating PRS313 improved prediction accuracy in European ancestry women but not in AA women, highlighting disparities in genetic risk prediction.
  • Models identified up to 9% of European and 18% of AA women with an absolute lifetime risk greater than 20%.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical and genetic breast cancer risk models demonstrate predictive capability in a large, prospective, multiracial cohort.
  • The integration of polygenic risk scores shows potential for improving breast cancer risk prediction, particularly in women of European ancestry.
  • Significant disparities remain in the accuracy of genetic risk estimation for African American women, necessitating further research and model refinement.