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Inheritance of DNA methylation differences in the mangrove Rhizophora mangle.

Jeannie Mounger1, M Teresa Boquete1,2, Marc W Schmid3

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

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Epigenetic variation, or DNA methylation, may help mangrove populations adapt to environmental changes. This study found high epigenetic diversity in Rhizophora mangle, with maternal effects influencing offspring traits, which is crucial for conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Phenotypic variation is key to adapting to environmental challenges, arising from genetic and non-genetic factors.
  • Rhizophora mangle, a vital coastal foundation species, faces threats from environmental changes, yet its non-genetic variation remains poorly understood.
  • While genetic variation in R. mangle is documented, the inheritance of non-genetic variation is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic and epigenetic diversity in natural R. mangle populations.
  • To analyze the population structure of genetic and epigenetic variation.
  • To determine the inheritance patterns of epigenetic variation in R. mangle.

Main Methods:

  • Employed epi-genotyping by sequencing (epiGBS) to analyze DNA sequence and DNA methylation.
  • Studied maternal plants and their offspring from natural populations along Florida's Gulf Coast.
  • Utilized common garden experiments to assess offspring variation.

Main Results:

  • R. mangle populations exhibit low genetic diversity but high epigenetic diversity.
  • A significant portion (~25%) of epigenetic variation in offspring was attributed to maternal families.
  • Epigenetic differences were observed within and among populations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic variation represents a substantial source of phenotypic plasticity for R. mangle.
  • This epigenetic variation could be critical for adaptation in genetically limited populations of this foundation species.
  • Understanding epigenetic inheritance is vital for predicting species' responses to environmental change.