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Lithobiomes Heterogeneity and Geographic Distance Shape the Landscape Genomics Within Brazilian Mountain Systems.

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Summary

Geographic distance and local soil conditions, not climate, shape genetic patterns in the rare plant Paepalanthus calvus across Brazilian rocky ecosystems. This highlights the importance of ecogeographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity in driving plant genetic diversity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Montane plant genetic structure is influenced by lithology, climate, and distance, but combined effects are poorly understood in Neotropics.
  • Paepalanthus calvus, a rare species, inhabits diverse lithobiomes in southeastern Brazil's campos de altitude and campos rupestres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate genetic patterns and underlying processes in Paepalanthus calvus across different lithobiomes.
  • Evaluate the influence of edaphoclimatic factors and geographic distance on the species' genomic landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide SNP data for Paepalanthus calvus.
  • Analyzed various edaphoclimatic datasets.
  • Assessed genetic structure and its correlation with environmental and geographic variables.

Main Results:

  • Identified two major genetic clusters aligned with distinct rocky ecosystems.
  • Observed further substructure within campos rupestres, reflecting lithological heterogeneity.
  • Geographic distance and ground-level biophysical predictors were primary drivers of genomic variation, with limited climatic influence.
  • Detected 36 SNPs potentially linked to genes under selection, associated with spatial and biophysical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Ecogeographic isolation and population adaptation to environmental heterogeneity significantly drive genetic differentiation in fragmented montane environments.
  • Lithobiome-specific processes play a crucial role in shaping biodiversity within these rocky ecosystems.
  • Provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of montane plant species in Neotropical rocky habitats.