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Modes of Standing Waves: II

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Propagation of Waves

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

Modes of Standing Waves - I

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...

Reflection of Waves

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Converting the guided-modes of Bloch surface waves with surface pattern.

X I Tang¹, Haoqi Luo¹, Junxue Chen²

¹Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical Physics

|August 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved broadband mode conversion in low-index waveguides using Bloch surface waves. This innovation is key for developing high-performance photonic devices like mode converters and power splitters.

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Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

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Published on: June 5, 2020

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

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Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Photonics
Materials Science
Waveguide Optics

Background:

Bloch surface waves (BSWs) support guided modes like transverse electric (TE00 and TE01) in subwavelength waveguides.
These waveguides are fabricated on one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals, enabling unique optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the conversion between guided modes of BSWs in low-refractive-index ridge waveguides.
To explore the potential of these structures for integrated photonic devices.

Main Methods:

Utilized the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method.
Employed coupled mode theory (CMT) for theoretical analysis.
Applied the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for numerical simulations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated broadband wavelength conversion between guided modes.
Achieved mode conversion in a low-index ridge waveguide with specific surface patterning.
Developed a mode converter with >90% output mode purity (590-680 nm).
Developed a power splitter with an 8:2 ratio (530-710 nm).

Conclusions:

The study successfully demonstrates efficient and broadband mode conversion in low-index waveguides.
The findings pave the way for advanced lab-on-a-chip photonic devices.
The demonstrated mode converter and power splitter exhibit high performance over significant wavelength ranges.