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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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A Simple Method for Isolation of Soybean Protoplasts and Application to Transient Gene Expression Analyses
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Progress in soybean functional genomics over the past decade.

Min Zhang1, Shulin Liu1, Zhao Wang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|August 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accelerating soybean breeding through gene discovery and advanced genomics is crucial for global food security and sustainable agriculture. This review highlights progress in omics, germplasm, gene discovery, and transformation technologies over the past decade.

Keywords:
domesticationfunctional genomicsnodulationomicsseed compositionsoybeanstress resistancetransgenic technologyyield components

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Soybean is a vital oilseed and fodder crop, with extensive germplasm developed over 100 years.
  • Accelerated soybean breeding is essential for global food security, sustainable agriculture, and climate change adaptation.
  • Advancements in functional genomics, spurred by the soybean genome reference, are key to accelerating breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research progress in soybean functional genomics and breeding technologies over the last decade.
  • To consolidate findings in omics, germplasm development, gene discovery, and transformation technologies.
  • To identify current challenges and future directions in soybean research.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of soybean research published in the last 10 years.
  • Analysis of advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics.
  • Examination of progress in germplasm resources, databases, gene discovery for key traits, and transformation technologies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in soybean omics, including genomics and transcriptomics.
  • Gene discovery for crucial traits like yield, quality, and stress resistance has advanced considerably.
  • Improvements in germplasm resources and transformation technologies are facilitating breeding efforts.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research in soybean functional genomics and breeding technologies is vital.
  • Addressing challenges in gene discovery and application is necessary to meet future agricultural demands.
  • Future directions include further integration of omics data and advanced breeding techniques for enhanced soybean varieties.