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Evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants
Jalen Singh1, Pranav Pandit2, Andrew G McArthur3,4
1School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Virology Journal
|August 14, 2021
Summary
This review explores human coronavirus (HCoV) origins and evolution, focusing on SARS-CoV-2. It examines mutations impacting virus transmission, severity, and immunity, offering insights into viral adaptation.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) originate in animals, but their evolutionary paths differ, leading to endemic or severe diseases.
- The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants highlights the need to understand coronavirus evolution and cross-species transmission.
- Limited knowledge exists on factors enabling HCoVs to become endemic versus highly pathogenic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the origins of all known HCoVs.
- To analyze positively selected mutations in HCoV proteins and the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2.
- To discuss emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations, variants of concern (VOCs), and their impact on transmission, pathogenicity, and immunity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of HCoV origins and evolution.
- Mapping of positively selected mutations within HCoV proteins.
- Analysis of emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants of concern (VOCs).
Main Results:
- All known HCoVs are speculated to have animal origins.
- Specific mutations within HCoV proteins are identified and mapped.
- Emerging mutations and VOCs in SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in relation to their impact.
Conclusions:
- Understanding HCoV evolution, including SARS-CoV-2, is crucial for public health.
- Mutations significantly influence viral characteristics like transmission, pathogenicity, and immune evasion.
- Further research into viral evolution and adaptation is essential for managing coronavirus threats.
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