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Related Concept Videos

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies
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Ordered Conformation-Regulated Vesicular Membrane Permeability.

Yi Zheng1, Zuojie Wang1, Zifen Li1

  • 1College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic polypeptide vesicles mimic biological systems by changing permeability through protein secondary structure transitions. This allows for controlled release and potential therapeutic applications, such as in treating type 1 diabetes.

Keywords:
biomimeticconformationpermeabilitypolypeptidesvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Protein folding and conformation regulate cell membrane permeability and biological activities.
  • Synthetic vesicles offer potential for biomimicry and controlled delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer synthetic polypeptide vesicles that mimic biological membrane permeability regulation.
  • To investigate the transition of secondary conformations in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • To demonstrate the application of these vesicles as nanoreactors and in vivo drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polypeptide vesicles capable of secondary conformation transitions.
  • Induction of β-sheet to α-helix transition using reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Assessment of changes in vesicular permeability and payload release.
  • In vivo studies in mouse models for type 1 diabetes treatment.

Main Results:

  • Polypeptide vesicles demonstrated a β-sheet to α-helix transition upon exposure to ROS, leading to wall thinning.
  • Vesicular integrity was maintained during the conformational change.
  • Increased vesicular permeability allowed for specific transport of different molecular weight payloads.
  • Encapsulated enzymes within the vesicles acted as nanoreactors, enabling glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic polypeptide vesicles can controllably regulate permeability via secondary conformation transitions, mimicking biological membranes.
  • These engineered vesicles show promise as nanoplatforms for biomimicry, biosensing, and controlled delivery.
  • The study presents a novel therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes treatment using enzyme-loaded vesicles for in vivo insulin secretion.