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Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
Published on: May 24, 2022
New Strategies and Instruments for Root Canal Shaping Procedure: An Overview
Massimo Giovarruscio1, Edit Khajanka2, Almira Isufi3
1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Dentistry, IM. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Cone-beam computed tomography-based three-dimensional analysis of root canal trajectories and shapes have clearly shown that root canals are more complex in 3D, compared to traditional 2D visualization,1-4 and consequently, these findings affect properties of the nickel-titanium (NiTi) files requiring the following factors.
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