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Developmental outcomes of HIV-exposed infants in a low-income South African context

Carmen Cornelia de Beer1, Esedra Krüger1, Jeannie van der Linde1

  • 1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

African Health Sciences
|August 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

HIV-exposed infants in South Africa show similar developmental outcomes to HIV-unexposed infants. Continued developmental surveillance is crucial for all infants in low-income settings.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Effective HIV prevention has increased the number of HIV-exposed infants in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Developmental outcomes for these infants are not fully understood.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa faces a growing population of vulnerable HIV-exposed and antiretroviral-exposed infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare developmental outcomes of HIV-exposed (HE) infants with HIV-unexposed (HU) infants.
  • To assess HE infants in a low-income South African setting.
  • To provide data on infant development in resource-limited environments.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, cross-sectional, group comparison study.
  • Assessed development in 41 HE and 40 HU infants (mean age 8.4 months).
  • Used Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) via caregiver interviews.

Main Results:

  • Most HIV-exposed infants (90.2%) had age-appropriate overall development.
  • Some HE infants showed delays in communication, daily living, socialization, and motor skills.
  • No statistically significant developmental differences were found between HE and HU groups, though both groups had some domain-specific delays.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants demonstrated similar developmental trajectories.
  • Developmental differences may become apparent later in childhood, necessitating longitudinal studies.
  • Developmental surveillance is vital for all infants in low-income settings, regardless of HIV exposure status.
Abstract

Keywords:
Developmental outcomesHIV-exposed infantslow-income context

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