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Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
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Placental Abnormalities Associated With Childbirth.

Robert G Wright, Christopher Macindoe, Patricia Green

    Academic Forensic Pathology
    |August 16, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Placental examination in stillbirth is complex due to post-demise changes. A systematic review of placental pathology aids in identifying abnormalities contributing to fetal demise.

    Area of Science:

    • Perinatal Pathology
    • Obstetrics
    • Forensic Pathology

    Background:

    • Placental examination is crucial in stillbirth investigations.
    • Post-demise autolytic changes complicate placental assessment.
    • Recognizable placental abnormalities are implicated in up to 25% of stillbirths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review macroscopic and microscopic placental pathology in stillbirth.
    • To correlate clinicopathological findings in stillbirth cases.
    • To provide a guide for placental assessment in stillbirth.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of placental pathology literature.
    • Analysis of macroscopic and microscopic placental features.
    • Clinicopathological correlation of findings.
    Keywords:
    Forensic pathologyHistopathologyPlacentaStillbirth

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    Main Results:

    • Post-demise changes can mimic pathological findings.
    • Specific placental abnormalities are associated with fetal demise.
    • Systematic assessment aids in identifying causative factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive placental examination is vital for stillbirth diagnosis.
    • Understanding post-demise changes is essential for accurate interpretation.
    • Placental pathology review contributes significantly to determining the cause of stillbirth.