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Organoids: a novel modality in disease modeling.

Zahra Heydari1,2, Farideh Moeinvaziri1,2, Tarun Agarwal3

  • 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran.

Bio-Design and Manufacturing
|August 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional organoids offer advanced models for studying human organs, overcoming limitations of traditional cell cultures. These organoid systems provide new avenues for drug screening and understanding disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
Disease modelingDrug screeningGerm layerOrganoid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Monolayer cell cultures lack the complexity of human organs.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) organoid models more accurately recapitulate organ architecture and function.
  • Organoids exhibit morphological, functional, and personalized pathogen responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify organoid models based on germinal layer origin.
  • To highlight the potential of organoids in preclinical studies and disease research.
  • To discuss the challenges, benefits, and future directions of organoid technology.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of organoid models by germinal layer.
  • Review of current organoid systems and their applications.
  • Analysis of organoid capabilities in simulating tissue complexity.

Main Results:

  • Organoids serve as viable alternatives to monolayer cultures.
  • Organoid platforms enable drug screening, toxicology assessments, and disease pathophysiology studies.
  • Organoid systems offer insights into personalized medicine and pathogen interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Organoid technology presents a significant advancement in biological research and preclinical applications.
  • Further development of organoid systems promises enhanced understanding of human physiology and disease.
  • Organoids are crucial for future advancements in personalized medicine and drug development.