Concomitant Acute Rheumatic Fever and Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Rheumatology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections can lead to non-suppurative complications like acute rheumatic fever (RF) and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN).
• These complications typically arise from different GAS serotypes, making their concurrent occurrence in a single patient rare.

Observation:

• A 47-year-old female presented with simultaneous acute RF and APSGN.
• The infection was caused by *Streptococcus pyogenes*, a type of GABHS.

Findings:

• This case highlights the possibility of concomitant RF and APSGN, even in adults.
• The patient experienced both cardiac and renal complications following upper respiratory infection symptoms.

Implications:

• Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for GABHS sequelae, including RF and APSGN, especially with cardiac and renal involvement post-URI.
• Prompt diagnosis and secondary antibiotic prophylaxis are vital, even in regions with low reported RF incidence.