Dental Implant for Maxillary Cancellous Alveolar Bone with Expandable Transformation in Apical Part

The focus of this study is to propose a new implant design that will resemble the tooth anatomy as with three roots thus increase the primary stability in bone and open new indications to dental implant applications.

Developed implant design and control implants were fabricated from Grade 4 type medical titanium. Three different media are selected as similar structural mechanical properties of alveolar cancellous bone quality; bovine iliac bone, bovine spinal bone, and polymer block. Implant sites were prepared with a 2-mm final drill. Then implants were inserted and all insertion torques were recorded. Starting from 5 Ncm implants were applied removal torques to test the initial stability. The sample that withstands the removal torque is marked with "+" until the torque value where the implant started to move out from the bone socket.

Different bone structures and polymer material, designed implant with apical arms have shown relatively average gains of % 38.6 in bovine spinal bone samples, % 38.2 in bovine iliac bone samples and % 46.4 gain in polymer block in retention to removal torques. In the Bovine spinal bone environment, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.000; P < 0.05). In the Bovine iliac bone medium, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.002; P < 0.05). In the Polymer block environment, the gain percentage of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.008; P < 0.05).

The results of this study indicate promising positive future directions to make further researches on the material production and testings of such a new dental implant design including in vivo clinical controlled studies will be beneficial for better understanding the behavior of the developed implant design under different conditions.