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High frequency of coronary artery ectasia in obstructive sleep apnea

Juan Hernando Del Portillo1,2, Boris Miguel Hernandez1,2, María Angélica Bazurto3

  • 1Department of Interventional Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|August 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is more common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than in the general population. OSA severity is linked to CAE presence, but not its severity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), a vascular phenotype, has an estimated 5% prevalence in the general population.
  • The prevalence of CAE in OSA patients remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To investigate the relationship between OSA severity and the presence and severity of CAE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study design.
  • Analysis of polysomnography data to classify OSA severity using the apnea-hypopnea index.
  • Review of coronary angiography results to identify and classify CAE based on established literature criteria.
  • Comparison between OSA patients with and without CAE.

Main Results:

  • CAE was identified in 18.4% of 185 OSA patients undergoing coronary angiography, significantly higher than the general population.
  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction was a more frequent indication for angiography in the OSA/CAE group (26.5%) compared to the OSA/non-CAE group (9.9%).
  • Patients with CAE had significantly higher median apnea-hypopnea indices, indicating more severe OSA (72.5 vs. 53.5 events/h).
  • CAE severity did not correlate with OSA severity.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of CAE is notably higher in patients with OSA compared to the general population.
  • OSA severity is associated with the presence of CAE.
  • OSA severity does not appear to influence the severity of CAE.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute coronary syndromecoronary artery ectasiaobstructive sleep apnea

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